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By now you understand how a DST works, what it offers, and what to watch out for. This chapter turns to something more tangible: the actual real estate a DST holds. Because the property is the investment, understanding the major asset classes and how they behave differently is essential to evaluating any offering you might consider.
Before surveying the property types, it helps to introduce a framework I often return to: the idea of anchors and buoys.
An anchor investment prizes stability. It’s built to deliver steady, predictable income, even if its potential for appreciation is modest… the financial equivalent of a fixed point that holds firm in choppy water. A buoy investment, by contrast, is built to rise. It offers greater potential for growth and appreciation, and can act as a hedge against inflation, though often with more variability along the way.
Neither is inherently better; they serve different goals. And one of the appealing features of the DST marketplace is that it offers both, allowing an investor to weight a portfolio toward income, toward growth, or toward a deliberate blend of the two. As you read through the asset classes below, it’s worth asking of each: is this more of an anchor, or more of a buoy?
Multifamily (apartments). Among the most popular DST asset types, multifamily housing benefits from a simple truth: people always need a place to live. Because leases typically renew annually, owners can adjust rents as costs rise, making apartments a natural inflation hedge… a classic buoy. Demand tends to be resilient across economic cycles, though the trade-off is the active leasing such properties require, which is why apartment DSTs so often rely on the master lease structure discussed in Chapter 4.
Self-storage. Storage facilities have earned a following for their low operating overhead and their tendency to hold up well in both good times and bad; people fill storage units when they’re upsizing and when they’re downsizing. Like multifamily, storage typically features short-term, frequently resetting rents, giving it buoy-like growth and inflation-hedging characteristics.
Net-lease retail and commercial. Here we find the quintessential anchor. In a triple-net (NNN) lease, a single creditworthy tenant — often a nationally recognized brand — signs a long-term lease and pays the property’s taxes, insurance, and maintenance in addition to rent. The result is a highly predictable income stream with minimal management, which is precisely why net-lease assets are a staple of DST offerings. The trade-off is limited upside: a long, fixed lease that delivers stability rarely delivers dramatic appreciation.
Industrial and logistics. Distribution centers and warehouses have been buoyed by the long march of e-commerce, which demands ever more space to store and move goods. These properties frequently come with long leases to strong tenants, giving them anchor-like stability alongside genuine demand-driven growth potential.
Medical office. Buildings leased to medical practices and healthcare providers tend to have “sticky” tenants — a medical office is expensive to relocate — and benefit from the durable tailwind of an aging population. They often behave like anchors, prized for stable, long-term occupancy.
Senior living and student housing. These specialized, demographically driven asset classes follow predictable population trends: an aging society on one hand, steady college enrollment on the other. They can offer attractive characteristics but are more operationally intensive and more sensitive to their specific demographic and location.
Hospitality. National-brand hotels occasionally appear in DST offerings. They carry the highest operational complexity and the most cyclical income of the group — more buoy than anchor, and generally suited to investors comfortable with greater variability in pursuit of greater potential return.
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Beyond the property type itself, DSTs differ in the number of properties they hold.
A single-asset DST owns one property — say, a particular apartment community or a single net-leased store. Its fortunes rise and fall with that one asset. A diversified, or portfolio, DST holds several properties, sometimes spanning multiple asset classes and geographic markets within a single trust. The diversified structure spreads risk: a struggle at one property need not sink the whole investment.
This distinction connects directly to the diversification benefit we discussed earlier. An investor can diversify by spreading a single exchange across several DSTs, by choosing a portfolio DST that is internally diversified, or by doing both. The right approach depends on the investor’s goals, risk tolerance, and the size of the exchange.
There is no universally “best” DST asset class; only the one that fits a given investor’s objectives. An investor seeking dependable retirement income might favor net-lease anchors; one seeking growth and an inflation hedge might lean toward multifamily or storage buoys; many will want a considered mix. What matters is understanding what each asset class is designed to do, so the choice reflects a real strategy rather than a guess.
Of course, the quality of any DST depends not only on what it holds but on who stands behind it. That brings us to the people who make a DST work, the subject of the next chapter.
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